[PATCH v12 36/46] OvmfPkg/ResetVector: Add support for a 32-bit SEV check

["Lendacky, Thomas" <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>]

From: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>

BZ: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2198

During BSP startup, the reset vector code will issue a CPUID instruction
while in 32-bit mode. When running as an SEV-ES guest, this will trigger
a #VC exception.

Add exception handling support to the early reset vector code to catch
these exceptions.  Also, since the guest is in 32-bit mode at this point,
writes to the GHCB will be encrypted and thus not able to be read by the
hypervisor, so use the GHCB CPUID request/response protocol to obtain the
requested CPUID function values and provide these to the guest.

The exception handling support is active during the SEV check and uses the
OVMF temporary RAM space for a stack. After the SEV check is complete, the
exception handling support is removed and the stack pointer cleared.

Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
---
 OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.inf       |   3 +
 OvmfPkg/ResetVector/Ia32/PageTables64.asm | 275 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.nasmb     |   2 +
 3 files changed, 277 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.inf b/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.inf
index 483fd90fe785..a53ae6c194ae 100644
--- a/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.inf
+++ b/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.inf
@@ -34,9 +34,12 @@ [BuildOptions]
    *_*_X64_NASMB_FLAGS = -I$(WORKSPACE)/UefiCpuPkg/ResetVector/Vtf0/
 
 [Pcd]
+  gUefiCpuPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdSevEsWorkAreaBase
   gUefiOvmfPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdOvmfSecGhcbBase
   gUefiOvmfPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdOvmfSecGhcbSize
   gUefiOvmfPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdOvmfSecGhcbPageTableBase
   gUefiOvmfPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdOvmfSecGhcbPageTableSize
   gUefiOvmfPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdOvmfSecPageTablesBase
   gUefiOvmfPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdOvmfSecPageTablesSize
+  gUefiOvmfPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdOvmfSecPeiTempRamBase
+  gUefiOvmfPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdOvmfSecPeiTempRamSize
diff --git a/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/Ia32/PageTables64.asm b/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/Ia32/PageTables64.asm
index 9f86ddf6f08f..7c72128a84d6 100644
--- a/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/Ia32/PageTables64.asm
+++ b/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/Ia32/PageTables64.asm
@@ -36,13 +36,58 @@ BITS    32
                        PAGE_READ_WRITE + \
                        PAGE_PRESENT)
 
+;
+; SEV-ES #VC exception handler support
+;
+; #VC handler local variable locations
+;
+%define VC_CPUID_RESULT_EAX         0
+%define VC_CPUID_RESULT_EBX         4
+%define VC_CPUID_RESULT_ECX         8
+%define VC_CPUID_RESULT_EDX        12
+%define VC_GHCB_MSR_EDX            16
+%define VC_GHCB_MSR_EAX            20
+%define VC_CPUID_REQUEST_REGISTER  24
+%define VC_CPUID_FUNCTION          28
+
+; #VC handler total local variable size
+;
+%define VC_VARIABLE_SIZE           32
+
+; #VC handler GHCB CPUID request/response protocol values
+;
+%define GHCB_CPUID_REQUEST          4
+%define GHCB_CPUID_RESPONSE         5
+%define GHCB_CPUID_REGISTER_SHIFT  30
+%define CPUID_INSN_LEN              2
+
+
 ; Check if Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) feature is enabled
 ;
-; If SEV is enabled then EAX will be at least 32
+; Modified:  EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESP
+;
+; If SEV is enabled then EAX will be at least 32.
 ; If SEV is disabled then EAX will be zero.
 ;
 CheckSevFeature:
+    ; Set the first byte of the workarea to zero to communicate to the SEC
+    ; phase that SEV-ES is not enabled. If SEV-ES is enabled, the CPUID
+    ; instruction will trigger a #VC exception where the first byte of the
+    ; workarea will be set to one.
+    mov     byte[SEV_ES_WORK_AREA], 0
+
+    ;
+    ; Set up exception handlers to check for SEV-ES
+    ;   Load temporary RAM stack based on PCDs (see SevEsIdtVmmComm for
+    ;   stack usage)
+    ;   Establish exception handlers
+    ;
+    mov       esp, SEV_ES_VC_TOP_OF_STACK
+    mov       eax, ADDR_OF(Idtr)
+    lidt      [cs:eax]
+
     ; Check if we have a valid (0x8000_001F) CPUID leaf
+    ;   CPUID raises a #VC exception if running as an SEV-ES guest
     mov       eax, 0x80000000
     cpuid
 
@@ -53,8 +98,8 @@ CheckSevFeature:
     jl        NoSev
 
     ; Check for memory encryption feature:
-    ;  CPUID  Fn8000_001F[EAX] - Bit 1
-    ;
+    ; CPUID  Fn8000_001F[EAX] - Bit 1
+    ;   CPUID raises a #VC exception if running as an SEV-ES guest
     mov       eax,  0x8000001f
     cpuid
     bt        eax, 1
@@ -78,6 +123,15 @@ NoSev:
     xor       eax, eax
 
 SevExit:
+    ;
+    ; Clear exception handlers and stack
+    ;
+    push      eax
+    mov       eax, ADDR_OF(IdtrClear)
+    lidt      [cs:eax]
+    pop       eax
+    mov       esp, 0
+
     OneTimeCallRet CheckSevFeature
 
 ; Check if Secure Encrypted Virtualization - Encrypted State (SEV-ES) feature
@@ -222,3 +276,218 @@ SetCr3:
     mov     cr3, eax
 
     OneTimeCallRet SetCr3ForPageTables64
+
+;
+; Start of #VC exception handling routines
+;
+
+SevEsIdtNotCpuid:
+    ;
+    ; Use VMGEXIT to request termination.
+    ;   1 - #VC was not for CPUID
+    ;
+    mov     eax, 1
+    jmp     SevEsIdtTerminate
+
+SevEsIdtNoCpuidResponse:
+    ;
+    ; Use VMGEXIT to request termination.
+    ;   2 - GHCB_CPUID_RESPONSE not received
+    ;
+    mov     eax, 2
+
+SevEsIdtTerminate:
+    ;
+    ; Use VMGEXIT to request termination. At this point the reason code is
+    ; located in EAX, so shift it left 16 bits to the proper location.
+    ;
+    ; EAX[11:0]  => 0x100 - request termination
+    ; EAX[15:12] => 0x1   - OVMF
+    ; EAX[23:16] => 0xXX  - REASON CODE
+    ;
+    shl     eax, 16
+    or      eax, 0x1100
+    xor     edx, edx
+    mov     ecx, 0xc0010130
+    wrmsr
+    ;
+    ; Issue VMGEXIT - NASM doesn't support the vmmcall instruction in 32-bit
+    ; mode, so work around this by temporarily switching to 64-bit mode.
+    ;
+BITS    64
+    rep     vmmcall
+BITS    32
+
+    ;
+    ; We shouldn't come back from the VMGEXIT, but if we do, just loop.
+    ;
+SevEsIdtHlt:
+    hlt
+    jmp     SevEsIdtHlt
+    iret
+
+    ;
+    ; Total stack usage for the #VC handler is 44 bytes:
+    ;   - 12 bytes for the exception IRET (after popping error code)
+    ;   - 32 bytes for the local variables.
+    ;
+SevEsIdtVmmComm:
+    ;
+    ; If we're here, then we are an SEV-ES guest and this
+    ; was triggered by a CPUID instruction
+    ;
+    ; Set the first byte of the workarea to one to communicate to the SEC
+    ; phase that SEV-ES is enabled.
+    mov     byte[SEV_ES_WORK_AREA], 1
+
+    pop     ecx                     ; Error code
+    cmp     ecx, 0x72               ; Be sure it was CPUID
+    jne     SevEsIdtNotCpuid
+
+    ; Set up local variable room on the stack
+    ;   CPUID function         : + 28
+    ;   CPUID request register : + 24
+    ;   GHCB MSR (EAX)         : + 20
+    ;   GHCB MSR (EDX)         : + 16
+    ;   CPUID result (EDX)     : + 12
+    ;   CPUID result (ECX)     : + 8
+    ;   CPUID result (EBX)     : + 4
+    ;   CPUID result (EAX)     : + 0
+    sub     esp, VC_VARIABLE_SIZE
+
+    ; Save the CPUID function being requested
+    mov     [esp + VC_CPUID_FUNCTION], eax
+
+    ; The GHCB CPUID protocol uses the following mapping to request
+    ; a specific register:
+    ;   0 => EAX, 1 => EBX, 2 => ECX, 3 => EDX
+    ;
+    ; Set EAX as the first register to request. This will also be used as a
+    ; loop variable to request all register values (EAX to EDX).
+    xor     eax, eax
+    mov     [esp + VC_CPUID_REQUEST_REGISTER], eax
+
+    ; Save current GHCB MSR value
+    mov     ecx, 0xc0010130
+    rdmsr
+    mov     [esp + VC_GHCB_MSR_EAX], eax
+    mov     [esp + VC_GHCB_MSR_EDX], edx
+
+NextReg:
+    ;
+    ; Setup GHCB MSR
+    ;   GHCB_MSR[63:32] = CPUID function
+    ;   GHCB_MSR[31:30] = CPUID register
+    ;   GHCB_MSR[11:0]  = CPUID request protocol
+    ;
+    mov     eax, [esp + VC_CPUID_REQUEST_REGISTER]
+    cmp     eax, 4
+    jge     VmmDone
+
+    shl     eax, GHCB_CPUID_REGISTER_SHIFT
+    or      eax, GHCB_CPUID_REQUEST
+    mov     edx, [esp + VC_CPUID_FUNCTION]
+    mov     ecx, 0xc0010130
+    wrmsr
+
+    ;
+    ; Issue VMGEXIT - NASM doesn't support the vmmcall instruction in 32-bit
+    ; mode, so work around this by temporarily switching to 64-bit mode.
+    ;
+BITS    64
+    rep     vmmcall
+BITS    32
+
+    ;
+    ; Read GHCB MSR
+    ;   GHCB_MSR[63:32] = CPUID register value
+    ;   GHCB_MSR[31:30] = CPUID register
+    ;   GHCB_MSR[11:0]  = CPUID response protocol
+    ;
+    mov     ecx, 0xc0010130
+    rdmsr
+    mov     ecx, eax
+    and     ecx, 0xfff
+    cmp     ecx, GHCB_CPUID_RESPONSE
+    jne     SevEsIdtNoCpuidResponse
+
+    ; Save returned value
+    shr     eax, GHCB_CPUID_REGISTER_SHIFT
+    mov     [esp + eax * 4], edx
+
+    ; Next register
+    inc     word [esp + VC_CPUID_REQUEST_REGISTER]
+
+    jmp     NextReg
+
+VmmDone:
+    ;
+    ; At this point we have all CPUID register values. Restore the GHCB MSR,
+    ; set the return register values and return.
+    ;
+    mov     eax, [esp + VC_GHCB_MSR_EAX]
+    mov     edx, [esp + VC_GHCB_MSR_EDX]
+    mov     ecx, 0xc0010130
+    wrmsr
+
+    mov     eax, [esp + VC_CPUID_RESULT_EAX]
+    mov     ebx, [esp + VC_CPUID_RESULT_EBX]
+    mov     ecx, [esp + VC_CPUID_RESULT_ECX]
+    mov     edx, [esp + VC_CPUID_RESULT_EDX]
+
+    add     esp, VC_VARIABLE_SIZE
+
+    ; Update the EIP value to skip over the now handled CPUID instruction
+    ; (the CPUID instruction has a length of 2)
+    add     word [esp], CPUID_INSN_LEN
+    iret
+
+ALIGN   2
+
+Idtr:
+    dw      IDT_END - IDT_BASE - 1  ; Limit
+    dd      ADDR_OF(IDT_BASE)       ; Base
+
+IdtrClear:
+    dw      0                       ; Limit
+    dd      0                       ; Base
+
+ALIGN   16
+
+;
+; The Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT)
+;   This will be used to determine if SEV-ES is enabled.  Upon execution
+;   of the CPUID instruction, a VMM Communication Exception will occur.
+;   This will tell us if SEV-ES is enabled.  We can use the current value
+;   of the GHCB MSR to determine the SEV attributes.
+;
+IDT_BASE:
+;
+; Vectors 0 - 28 (No handlers)
+;
+%rep 29
+    dw      0                                    ; Offset low bits 15..0
+    dw      0x10                                 ; Selector
+    db      0                                    ; Reserved
+    db      0x8E                                 ; Gate Type (IA32_IDT_GATE_TYPE_INTERRUPT_32)
+    dw      0                                    ; Offset high bits 31..16
+%endrep
+;
+; Vector 29 (VMM Communication Exception)
+;
+    dw      (ADDR_OF(SevEsIdtVmmComm) & 0xffff)  ; Offset low bits 15..0
+    dw      0x10                                 ; Selector
+    db      0                                    ; Reserved
+    db      0x8E                                 ; Gate Type (IA32_IDT_GATE_TYPE_INTERRUPT_32)
+    dw      (ADDR_OF(SevEsIdtVmmComm) >> 16)     ; Offset high bits 31..16
+;
+; Vectors 30 - 31 (No handlers)
+;
+%rep 2
+    dw      0                                    ; Offset low bits 15..0
+    dw      0x10                                 ; Selector
+    db      0                                    ; Reserved
+    db      0x8E                                 ; Gate Type (IA32_IDT_GATE_TYPE_INTERRUPT_32)
+    dw      0                                    ; Offset high bits 31..16
+%endrep
+IDT_END:
diff --git a/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.nasmb b/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.nasmb
index bfb77e439105..762661115d50 100644
--- a/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.nasmb
+++ b/OvmfPkg/ResetVector/ResetVector.nasmb
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@
   %define GHCB_PT_ADDR (FixedPcdGet32 (PcdOvmfSecGhcbPageTableBase))
   %define GHCB_BASE (FixedPcdGet32 (PcdOvmfSecGhcbBase))
   %define GHCB_SIZE (FixedPcdGet32 (PcdOvmfSecGhcbSize))
+  %define SEV_ES_WORK_AREA (FixedPcdGet32 (PcdSevEsWorkAreaBase))
+  %define SEV_ES_VC_TOP_OF_STACK (FixedPcdGet32 (PcdOvmfSecPeiTempRamBase) + FixedPcdGet32 (PcdOvmfSecPeiTempRamSize))
 %include "Ia32/PageTables64.asm"
 %endif
 
-- 
2.27.0