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From: "Pedro Falcato" <pedro.falcato@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2022 20:12:27 +0100
Message-ID: <CAKbZUD0L+cbewADD+W4HXe=cGFPPLDdphBW_vpm7OtA+ZSrpXg@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [edk2-devel] Casting i128 into f64 in UEFI Rust pagefaults
To: edk2-devel-groups-io <devel@edk2.groups.io>, Ayush Singh <ayushdevel1325@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>, Mike Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>, 
	"mikuback@linux.microsoft.com" <mikuback@linux.microsoft.com>, 
	"Gaibusab, Jabeena B" <jabeena.b.gaibusab@intel.com>, "Yao, Jiewen" <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
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Fyi, please don't file bugs upstream just now. You're not sure if they're
LLVM problems (and they're likely not, else they would affect everyone
else, not just UEFI code). Try to get a simpler, reliable repro (and do
share with us!) before saying it's an LLVM bug.
In my experience, most "what the hell" "compiler bugs" ended up being
things I accidentally set up wrong, or didn't set up at all, and broke
things in a subtle way.

On Tue, Jul 26, 2022 at 6:43 AM Ayush Singh <ayushdevel1325@gmail.com>
wrote:

> Hi Andrew. Thanks for all your work. The more I look at this, the more it
> feels like it might be a problem on the LLVM side instead of Rust. I also
> found some more tests (all related to numbers btw) which can cause
> different types of exceptions, so I think I will try filing bugs upstream=
.
>
> Yours Sincerely,
>
> Ayush Singh
>
>
> On 7/26/22 00:24, Andrew Fish wrote:
>
> I guess I could at least dump to the end (req)=E2=80=A6. Going backwards =
is a bit
> painful in x86.
>
> (lldb) dis -s 0x0000000140001B60 -b -c 30
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b60]: 48 8b 09                       movq
> (%rcx), %rcx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b63]: 48 01 c1                       addq
> %rax, %rcx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b66]: 4c 89 c2                       movq
> %r8, %rdx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b69]: 48 11 c2                       adcq
> %rax, %rdx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6c]: 48 31 c1                       xorq
> %rax, %rcx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6f]: 48 31 c2                       xorq
> %rax, %rdx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b72]: 48 be 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80  movabsq
> $-0x8000000000000000, %rsi ; imm =3D 0x8000000000000000
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7c]: 4c 21 c6                       andq
> %r8, %rsi
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7f]: e8 5c 55 00 00                 callq
> 0x1400070e0
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b84]: 48 09 f0                       orq
> %rsi, %rax
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b87]: 48 83 c4 20                    addq
> $0x20, %rsp
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8b]: 5e                             popq
> %rsi
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8c]: c3                             retq
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8d]: cc                             int3
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8e]: cc                             int3
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8f]: cc                             int3
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b90]: e9 db 55 00 00                 jmp
> 0x140007170
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b95]: cc                             int3
> =E2=80=A6
>
> Then we can guess based on how functions get aligned to find the start=E2=
=80=A6.
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b50]: 56
> pushq  %rsi
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b51]: 48 83 ec 20
> subq   $0x20, %rsp
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b55]: 4c 8b 41 08
> movq   0x8(%rcx), %r8
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b59]: 4c 89 c0
> movq   %r8, %rax
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b5c]: 48 c1 f8 3f
> sarq   $0x3f, %rax
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b60]: 48 8b 09
> movq   (%rcx), %rcx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b63]: 48 01 c1
> addq   %rax, %rcx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b66]: 4c 89 c2
> movq   %r8, %rdx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b69]: 48 11 c2
> adcq   %rax, %rdx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6c]: 48 31 c1
> xorq   %rax, %rcx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6f]: 48 31 c2
> xorq   %rax, %rdx
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b72]: 48 be 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80
> movabsq $-0x8000000000000000, %rsi ; imm =3D 0x8000000000000000
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7c]: 4c 21 c6
> andq   %r8, %rsi
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7f]: e8 5c 55 00 00
> callq  0x1400070e0
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b84]: 48 09 f0
> orq    %rsi, %rax
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b87]: 48 83 c4 20
> addq   $0x20, %rsp
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8b]: 5e
> popq   %rsi
>
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8c]: c3
> retq
>
> So the faulting function is getting passed a bad pointer as its 1st arg.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Andrew Fish
>
> On Jul 25, 2022, at 11:45 AM, Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
> <afish@apple.com> wrote:
>
> Ops=E2=80=A6 Looks like your PE/COFF is linked at 0x0000000140000000,
> so 0x140001b60 is the interesting bit.
>
> (lldb) dis -s 0x0000000140001B60 -b
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b60]: 48 8b 09                       movq
> (%rcx), %rcx
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b63]: 48 01 c1                       addq
> %rax, %rcx
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b66]: 4c 89 c2                       movq
> %r8, %rdx
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b69]: 48 11 c2                       adcq
> %rax, %rdx
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6c]: 48 31 c1                       xorq
> %rax, %rcx
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6f]: 48 31 c2                       xorq
> %rax, %rdx
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b72]: 48 be 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80  movabsq
> $-0x8000000000000000, %rsi ; imm =3D 0x8000000000000000
> hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7c]: 4c 21 c6                       andq
> %r8, %rsi
>
>  RCX - FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
>
> So yea that looks like the fault.
>
> I don=E2=80=99t see that pattern in your .s file=E2=80=A6.
>
> Can you figure out what function is @ 0x140001b60 in the PE/COFF image.
> Do you have a map file from the linker?
>
> Thanks,
>
> Andrew Fish
>
> PS Again sorry I don=E2=80=99t have anything installed to crack PDB files=
.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Andrew Fish
>
> On Jul 25, 2022, at 10:51 AM, Andrew Fish via groups.io
> <afish=3Dapple.com@groups.io> <afish=3Dapple.com@groups.io> wrote:
>
> Ayush,
>
> CR2 is the fault address so 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. Given for EFI Virt =3D=3D
> Physical the fault address looks like a bad pointer.
>
> Sorry I=E2=80=99ve not used VC++ in a long time so I don=E2=80=99t know h=
ow to debug with
> VC++, but If I was using clang/lldb I=E2=80=99d look at the source and as=
sembly for
> the fault address.
>
> The image base is: 0x000000000603C000
> The fault PC/RIP is: 000000000603DB60
>
> So the faulting code is at 0x1B60 in the image. Given the images are
> linked at zero you should be able to load the build product into the
> debugger and look at what code is at offset 0x1B60. The same should work
> for any tools that dump the binary.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Andrew Fish
>
> On Jul 25, 2022, at 10:33 AM, Ayush Singh <ayushdevel1325@gmail.com>
> <ayushdevel1325@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Hello everyone.While running Rust tests in UEFI environment, I have come
> across a numeric test that causes a pagefault. A simple reproducible
> example for this is given below:
>
> ```rust
>
> fn main() {
>     use std::hint::black_box as b;
>
>     let z: i128 =3D b(1);
>     assert!((-z as f64) < 0.0);
> }
>
> ```
>
>
> The exception output is as follows:
>
> ```
>
> !!!! X64 Exception Type - 0E(#PF - Page-Fault)  CPU Apic ID - 00000000 !!=
!!
> ExceptionData - 0000000000000000  I:0 R:0 U:0 W:0 P:0 PK:0 SS:0 SGX:0
> RIP  - 000000000603DB60, CS  - 0000000000000038, RFLAGS - 000000000000024=
6
> RAX  - 0000000000000000, RCX - FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, RDX - FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
> RBX  - 0000000000000000, RSP - 0000000007EDF1D0, RBP - 0000000007EDF4C0
> RSI  - 0000000007EDF360, RDI - 0000000007EDF3C0
> R8   - 0000000000000000, R9  - 0000000000000038, R10 - 0000000000000000
> R11  - 0000000000000000, R12 - 00000000060C6018, R13 - 0000000007EDF520
> R14  - 0000000007EDF6A8, R15 - 0000000005FA9490
> DS   - 0000000000000030, ES  - 0000000000000030, FS  - 0000000000000030
> GS   - 0000000000000030, SS  - 0000000000000030
> CR0  - 0000000080010033, CR2 - FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, CR3 - 0000000007C01000
> CR4  - 0000000000000668, CR8 - 0000000000000000
> DR0  - 0000000000000000, DR1 - 0000000000000000, DR2 - 0000000000000000
> DR3  - 0000000000000000, DR6 - 00000000FFFF0FF0, DR7 - 0000000000000400
> GDTR - 00000000079DE000 0000000000000047, LDTR - 0000000000000000
> IDTR - 0000000007418018 0000000000000FFF,   TR - 0000000000000000
> FXSAVE_STATE - 0000000007EDEE30
> !!!! Find image based on IP(0x603DB60)
> /var/home/ayush/Documents/Programming/Rust/uefi/hello_world_std/target/x8=
6_64-unknown-uefi/debug/deps/hello_world_std-338028f9369e2d42.pdb
> (ImageBase=3D000000000603C000, EntryPoint=3D000000000603D8C0) !!!!
>
> ```
>
>
> From my testing, the exception only occurs when a few conditions are met.
>
> 1. The binary is compiled in Debug mode. No error in Release mode.
>
> 2. `i128` is in a black_box [1]. Does not occur if `black_box` is not
> present.
>
> 3. It has to be `i128`. `i64` or something else work fine.
>
> 4. The cast has to be done on `-z`. Doing the same with `+z` is fine.
>
>
> I have also been discussing this in the Rust zulipchat [2], so feel free
> to chime in there.
>
>
> Additionally, here are links for more information about this program:
>
> 1. Assembly:
> https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/user_uploads/4715/od51Y9Dkfjahcg9HHcOud8F=
m/hello_world_std-338028f9369e2d42.s
>
> 2. EFI Binary:
> https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/user_uploads/4715/CknqtXLR8SaJZmyOnXctQkp=
L/hello_world_std.efi
>
> 3. PDB file:
> https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/user_uploads/4715/zV4i6DsjgQXotp_gS1naEsU=
0/hello_world_std-338028f9369e2d42.pdb
>
>
> Yours Sincerely,
>
> Ayush Singh
>
>
> [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/hint/fn.black_box.html
>
> [2]:
> https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/182449-t-compiler.2Fhelp/t=
opic/Casting.20i128.20to.20f64.20in.20black_box.20causes.20exception.20in.2=
0UEFI
>
>
>
>
>
>
>=20
>
>

--=20
Pedro Falcato

--00000000000082811505e4ba1569
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Fyi, please don&#39;t file bugs upstream just now. Yo=
u&#39;re not sure if they&#39;re LLVM problems (and they&#39;re likely not,=
 else they would affect everyone else, not just UEFI code). Try to get a si=
mpler, reliable repro (and do share with us!) before saying it&#39;s an LLV=
M bug.</div><div>In my experience, most &quot;what the hell&quot; &quot;com=
piler bugs&quot; ended up being things I accidentally set up wrong, or didn=
&#39;t set up at all, and broke things in a subtle way.<br></div></div><br>=
<div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Tue, Ju=
l 26, 2022 at 6:43 AM Ayush Singh &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ayushdevel1325@gmai=
l.com">ayushdevel1325@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rg=
b(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
 =20
   =20
 =20
  <div>
    <p>Hi Andrew. Thanks for all your work. The more I look at this, the
      more it feels like it might be a problem on the LLVM side instead
      of Rust. I also found some more tests (all related to numbers btw)
      which can cause different types of exceptions, so I think I will
      try filing bugs upstream. <br>
    </p>
    <p>Yours Sincerely,</p>
    <p>Ayush Singh<br>
    </p>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <div>On 7/26/22 00:24, Andrew Fish wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite">
     =20
      I guess I could at least dump to the end (req)=E2=80=A6. Going backwa=
rds
      is a bit painful in x86.=C2=A0
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures;color:rgb(153,153,153)">(lldb) </span><span style=3D"font-varia=
nt-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">dis -s 0x0000000140001B60 -b -c 30</span>=
</p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b60]:
            48 8b 09 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 movq =C2=A0 (%rcx), %rcx</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b63]:
            48 01 c1 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 addq =C2=A0 %rax, %rcx</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b66]:
            4c 89 c2 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 movq =C2=A0 %r8, %rdx</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b69]:
            48 11 c2 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 adcq =C2=A0 %rax, %rdx</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6c]:
            48 31 c1 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 xorq =C2=A0 %rax, %rcx</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6f]:
            48 31 c2 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 xorq =C2=A0 %rax, %rdx</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b72]:
            48 be 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80=C2=A0 movabsq $-0x800000000000000=
0,
            %rsi ; imm =3D 0x8000000000000000=C2=A0</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7c]:
            4c 21 c6 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 andq =C2=A0 %r8, %rsi</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7f]:
            e8 5c 55 00 00 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 callq=C2=A0 0x1400070e0</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b84]:
            48 09 f0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 orq=C2=A0 =C2=A0 %rsi, %rax</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b87]:
            48 83 c4 20=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 addq =C2=A0 $0x20, %rsp</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8b]:
            5e =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 popq =C2=A0 %rsi</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8c]:
            c3 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 retq=C2=A0 =C2=A0</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8d]:
            cc =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 int3=C2=A0 =C2=A0</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8e]:
            cc =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 int3=C2=A0 =C2=A0</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8f]:
            cc =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 int3=C2=A0 =C2=A0</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b90]:
            e9 db 55 00 00 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 jmp=C2=A0 =C2=A0 0x140007170</span></p>
        <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-heig=
ht:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-commo=
n-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b95]:
            cc =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 int3=C2=A0 =C2=A0</span></p>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">=E2=
=80=A6</span></div>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures"><br=
>
          </span></div>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">The=
n
            we can guess based on how functions get aligned to find the
            start=E2=80=A6.</span></div>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures"><br=
>
          </span></div>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b50]:
                56 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 pushq=C2=A0 =
%rsi</span></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b51]:
                48 83 ec 20=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 subq =C2=A0 $0x20, %rsp</span></=
p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b55]:
                4c 8b 41 08=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 movq =C2=A0 0x8(%rcx),
                %r8</span></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b59]:
                4c 89 c0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 movq =C2=A0 %r8, %rax</spa=
n></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b5c]:
                48 c1 f8 3f=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 sarq =C2=A0 $0x3f, %rax</span></=
p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b60]:
                48 8b 09 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 movq =C2=A0 (%rcx), %rcx</=
span></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b63]:
                48 01 c1 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 addq =C2=A0 %rax, %rcx</sp=
an></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b66]:
                4c 89 c2 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 movq =C2=A0 %r8, %rdx</spa=
n></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b69]:
                48 11 c2 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 adcq =C2=A0 %rax, %rdx</sp=
an></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6c]:
                48 31 c1 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 xorq =C2=A0 %rax, %rcx</sp=
an></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6f]:
                48 31 c2 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 xorq =C2=A0 %rax, %rdx</sp=
an></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b72]:
                48 be 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 mo=
vabsq
                $-0x8000000000000000, %rsi ; imm =3D 0x8000000000000000=C2=
=A0</span></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7c]:
                4c 21 c6 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 andq =C2=A0 %r8, %rsi</spa=
n></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7f]:
                e8 5c 55 00 00 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 callq=C2=A0 0x1400070e0</span></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b84]:
                48 09 f0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 orq=C2=A0 =C2=A0 %rsi, %ra=
x</span></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b87]:
                48 83 c4 20=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 addq =C2=A0 $0x20, %rsp</span></=
p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8b]:
                5e =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 popq =C2=A0 =
%rsi</span></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-=
height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-c=
ommon-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b8c]:
                c3 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 retq=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0</span></p>
            <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures"=
><br>
              </span></div>
          </span></div>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">So
            the faulting function is getting passed a bad pointer as its
            1st arg.=C2=A0</span></div>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures"><br=
>
          </span></div>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">Tha=
nks,</span></div>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures"><br=
>
          </span></div>
        <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">And=
rew
            Fish</span></div>
        <div><br>
          <blockquote type=3D"cite">
            <div>On Jul 25, 2022, at 11:45 AM, Andrew Fish
              <a href=3D"mailto:afish@apple.com" target=3D"_blank">&lt;afis=
h@apple.com&gt;</a> wrote:</div>
            <br>
            <div>
             =20
              <div>Ops=E2=80=A6 Looks like
                your PE/COFF is linked at=C2=A00x0000000140000000,
                so=C2=A00x140001b60 is the interesting bit.
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <div style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatu=
res:no-common-ligatures;color:rgb(153,153,153)">(lldb) </span><span style=
=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">dis -s 0x0000000140001B60 -=
b</span></div>
                  <div style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatu=
res:no-common-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b60]:
                      48 8b 09 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 movq =C2=A0 (%rcx), %rcx</span></div>
                  <div style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatu=
res:no-common-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b63]:
                      48 01 c1 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 addq =C2=A0 %rax, %rcx</span></div>
                  <div style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatu=
res:no-common-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b66]:
                      4c 89 c2 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 movq =C2=A0 %r8, %rdx</span></div>
                  <div style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatu=
res:no-common-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b69]:
                      48 11 c2 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 adcq =C2=A0 %rax, %rdx</span></div>
                  <div style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatu=
res:no-common-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6c]:
                      48 31 c1 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 xorq =C2=A0 %rax, %rcx</span></div>
                  <div style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatu=
res:no-common-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b6f]:
                      48 31 c2 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 xorq =C2=A0 %rax, %rdx</span></div>
                  <div style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatu=
res:no-common-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b72]:
                      48 be 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80=C2=A0 movabsq
                      $-0x8000000000000000, %rsi ; imm =3D
                      0x8000000000000000=C2=A0</span></div>
                  <div style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatu=
res:no-common-ligatures">hello_world_std.efi[0x140001b7c]:
                      4c 21 c6 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 andq =C2=A0 %r8, %rsi</span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures"><br>
                    </span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures">=C2=A0RCX - FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF</span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures"><br>
                    </span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures">So yea that looks like the
                      fault.=C2=A0</span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures"><br>
                    </span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures">I don=E2=80=99t see that pattern in
                      your .s file=E2=80=A6.=C2=A0</span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures"><br>
                    </span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures">Can you figure out what
                      function is @=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"font-family:=
Menlo;font-size:11px">0x140001b60 in the
                      PE/COFF image. Do you have a map file from the
                      linker?</span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures"><br>
                    </span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures">Thanks,</span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures"><br>
                    </span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures">Andrew Fish</span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures"><br>
                    </span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures">PS Again sorry I don=E2=80=99t have
                      anything installed to crack PDB files.=C2=A0</span></=
div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures"><br>
                    </span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures">Thanks,</span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures"><br>
                    </span></div>
                  <div><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-liga=
tures">Andrew Fish</span></div>
                  <div><br>
                    <blockquote type=3D"cite">
                      <div>On Jul 25, 2022, at 10:51 AM, Andrew Fish via
                        <a href=3D"http://groups.io" target=3D"_blank">grou=
ps.io</a> <a href=3D"mailto:afish=3Dapple.com@groups.io" target=3D"_blank">=
&lt;afish=3Dapple.com@groups.io&gt;</a>
                        wrote:</div>
                      <br>
                      <div>
                       =20
                        <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px=
;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:=
normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nor=
mal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline">Ayush,=
</span>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">CR2 is the fault
                          address so 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. Given for EFI
                          Virt =3D=3D Physical the fault address looks like
                          a bad pointer.=C2=A0</div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">Sorry I=E2=80=99ve not
                          used VC++ in a long time so I don=E2=80=99t know =
how
                          to debug with VC++, but If I was using
                          clang/lldb I=E2=80=99d look at the source and ass=
embly
                          for the fault address.=C2=A0</div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">The image base
                          is: 0x000000000603C000</div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">The fault PC/RIP
                          is: 000000000603DB60</div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">So the faulting
                          code is at 0x1B60 in the image. Given the
                          images are linked at zero you should be able
                          to load the build product into the debugger
                          and look at what code is at offset 0x1B60. The
                          same should work for any tools that dump the
                          binary.=C2=A0</div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">Thanks,</div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;=
font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:n=
ormal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:norm=
al;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">Andrew Fish<br>
                          <div><br>
                            <blockquote type=3D"cite">
                              <div>On Jul 25, 2022, at 10:33 AM, Ayush
                                Singh <a href=3D"mailto:ayushdevel1325@gmai=
l.com" target=3D"_blank">&lt;ayushdevel1325@gmail.com&gt;</a>
                                wrote:</div>
                              <br>
                              <div><span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;fon=
t-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;lett=
er-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;whit=
e-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inl=
ine">Hello
                                  everyone.While running Rust tests in
                                  UEFI environment, I have come across a
                                  numeric test that causes a pagefault.
                                  A simple reproducible example for this
                                  is given below:</span><br style=3D"font-f=
amily:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;f=
ont-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-=
transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">```rust</span><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-styl=
e:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;tex=
t-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-s=
pacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">fn main()
                                  {</span><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetic=
a;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400=
;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none=
;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 use
                                  <a>std::hint::black_box</a> as b;</span><=
br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-var=
iant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;tex=
t-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-d=
ecoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 let
                                  z: i128 =3D b(1);</span><br style=3D"font=
-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal=
;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;tex=
t-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
                                  assert!((-z as f64) &lt; 0.0);</span><br =
style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-varian=
t-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-i=
ndent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-deco=
ration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">}</span><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:norm=
al;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-alig=
n:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing=
:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">```</span><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:no=
rmal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-al=
ign:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spaci=
ng:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">The
                                  exception output is as follows:</span><br=
 style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-varia=
nt-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-=
indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-dec=
oration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">```</span><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:no=
rmal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-al=
ign:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spaci=
ng:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">!!!! X64
                                  Exception Type - 0E(#PF - Page-Fault)=C2=
=A0
                                  CPU Apic ID - 00000000 !!!!</span><br sty=
le=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-c=
aps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-inde=
nt:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decorat=
ion:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">ExceptionData
                                  - 0000000000000000=C2=A0 <a>I:0</a> <a>R:=
0</a> <a>U:0</a> <a>W:0</a>
                                  <a>P:0</a> <a>PK:0</a> <a>SS:0</a> <a>SGX=
:0</a></span><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:n=
ormal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-a=
lign:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spac=
ing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">RIP=C2=A0 -
                                  000000000603DB60, CS=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000038, RFLAGS -
                                  0000000000000246</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">RAX=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000000, RCX -
                                  FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, RDX -
                                  FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">RBX=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000000, RSP -
                                  0000000007EDF1D0, RBP -
                                  0000000007EDF4C0</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">RSI=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000007EDF360, RDI -
                                  0000000007EDF3C0</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">R8=C2=A0=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000000, R9=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000038, R10 -
                                  0000000000000000</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">R11=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000000, R12 -
                                  00000000060C6018, R13 -
                                  0000000007EDF520</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">R14=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000007EDF6A8, R15 -
                                  0000000005FA9490</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">DS=C2=A0=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000030, ES=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000030, FS=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000030</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">GS=C2=A0=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000030, SS=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000030</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">CR0=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000080010033, CR2 -
                                  FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, CR3 -
                                  0000000007C01000</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">CR4=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000668, CR8 -
                                  0000000000000000</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">DR0=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000000, DR1 -
                                  0000000000000000, DR2 -
                                  0000000000000000</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">DR3=C2=A0 -
                                  0000000000000000, DR6 -
                                  00000000FFFF0FF0, DR7 -
                                  0000000000000400</span><br style=3D"font-=
family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;=
font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">GDTR -
                                  00000000079DE000 0000000000000047,
                                  LDTR - 0000000000000000</span><br style=
=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-cap=
s:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent=
:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoratio=
n:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">IDTR -
                                  0000000007418018 0000000000000FFF,=C2=A0=
=C2=A0
                                  TR - 0000000000000000</span><br style=3D"=
font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:no=
rmal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px=
;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:no=
ne">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">FXSAVE_STATE
                                  - 0000000007EDEE30</span><br style=3D"fon=
t-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:norma=
l;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;te=
xt-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"=
>
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">!!!! Find
                                  image based on IP(0x603DB60)
/var/home/ayush/Documents/Programming/Rust/uefi/hello_world_std/target/x86_=
64-unknown-uefi/debug/deps/hello_world_std-338028f9369e2d42.pdb
                                  (ImageBase=3D000000000603C000,
                                  EntryPoint=3D000000000603D8C0) !!!!</span=
><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-v=
ariant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;t=
ext-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text=
-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">```</span><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:no=
rmal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-al=
ign:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spaci=
ng:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">From my
                                  testing, the exception only occurs
                                  when a few conditions are met.</span><br =
style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-varian=
t-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-i=
ndent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-deco=
ration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">1. The
                                  binary is compiled in Debug mode. No
                                  error in Release mode.</span><br style=3D=
"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:n=
ormal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0p=
x;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:n=
one">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">2. `i128`
                                  is in a black_box [1]. Does not occur
                                  if `black_box` is not present.</span><br =
style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-varian=
t-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-i=
ndent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-deco=
ration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">3. It has
                                  to be `i128`. `i64` or something else
                                  work fine.</span><br style=3D"font-family=
:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-w=
eight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-trans=
form:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">4. The
                                  cast has to be done on `-z`. Doing the
                                  same with `+z` is fine.</span><br style=
=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-cap=
s:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent=
:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoratio=
n:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">I have
                                  also been discussing this in the Rust
                                  zulipchat [2], so feel free to chime
                                  in there.</span><br style=3D"font-family:=
Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-we=
ight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transf=
orm:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">Additionally,
                                  here are links for more information
                                  about this program:</span><br style=3D"fo=
nt-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:norm=
al;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;t=
ext-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none=
">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">1.
                                  Assembly:<span>=C2=A0</span></span><a hre=
f=3D"https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/user_uploads/4715/od51Y9Dkfjahcg9HHcOu=
d8Fm/hello_world_std-338028f9369e2d42.s" style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;fon=
t-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;lett=
er-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;whit=
e-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target=3D"_blank">https://rust-lang.zulipc=
hat.com/user_uploads/4715/od51Y9Dkfjahcg9HHcOud8Fm/hello_world_std-338028f9=
369e2d42.s</a><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:=
normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-=
align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spa=
cing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">2. EFI
                                  Binary:<span>=C2=A0</span></span><a href=
=3D"https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/user_uploads/4715/CknqtXLR8SaJZmyOnXctQ=
kpL/hello_world_std.efi" style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font=
-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:norma=
l;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;w=
ord-spacing:0px" target=3D"_blank">https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/user_upl=
oads/4715/CknqtXLR8SaJZmyOnXctQkpL/hello_world_std.efi</a><br style=3D"font=
-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal=
;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;tex=
t-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">3. PDB
                                  file:<span>=C2=A0</span></span><a href=3D=
"https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/user_uploads/4715/zV4i6DsjgQXotp_gS1naEsU0=
/hello_world_std-338028f9369e2d42.pdb" style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-=
size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter=
-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-=
space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target=3D"_blank">https://rust-lang.zulipcha=
t.com/user_uploads/4715/zV4i6DsjgQXotp_gS1naEsU0/hello_world_std-338028f936=
9e2d42.pdb</a><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:=
normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-=
align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spa=
cing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">Yours
                                  Sincerely,</span><br style=3D"font-family=
:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-w=
eight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-trans=
form:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">Ayush
                                  Singh</span><br style=3D"font-family:Helv=
etica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight=
:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:=
none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">[1]:<span>=C2=A0</span></span><a href=3D"https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/hi=
nt/fn.black_box.html" style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-st=
yle:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;t=
ext-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word=
-spacing:0px" target=3D"_blank">https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/hint/fn.black=
_box.html</a><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:n=
ormal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-a=
lign:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spac=
ing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
">[2]:<span>=C2=A0</span></span><a href=3D"https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/=
#narrow/stream/182449-t-compiler.2Fhelp/topic/Casting.20i128.20to.20f64.20i=
n.20black_box.20causes.20exception.20in.20UEFI" style=3D"font-family:Helvet=
ica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:4=
00;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:no=
ne;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target=3D"_blank">https://rust-lang=
.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/182449-t-compiler.2Fhelp/topic/Casting.20i128=
.20to.20f64.20in.20black_box.20causes.20exception.20in.20UEFI</a><br style=
=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-cap=
s:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent=
:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoratio=
n:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-siz=
e:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-sp=
acing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-spa=
ce:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">
                                <span style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-s=
ize:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-=
spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-s=
pace:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline=
"></span></div>
                            </blockquote>
                          </div>
                          <br>
                        </div>
                       =20
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
  </div>



 =20

<p></p><p></p></blockquote></div><br clear=3D"all"><br>-- <br><div dir=3D"l=
tr" class=3D"gmail_signature"><div dir=3D"ltr">Pedro Falcato</div></div>

--00000000000082811505e4ba1569--